Merge Two Sorted Arrays Without Extra Space

Moderate

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Problem statement

Given two non-decreasing sorted arrays, ‘A’ and ‘B’, having ‘N’ and ‘M’ elements, respectively.

You must merge these arrays, ‘A’ and ‘B’, into a sorted array without using extra space. Of all the 'N + M' sorted elements, array 'A' should contain the first 'N' elements, and array 'B' should have the last 'M' elements.

Note:

You must perform the merge operation in place and must not allocate any extra space to merge the two arrays.

For example:

When ‘N’ = 4, ‘A’ = {1, 4, 5, 7} and ‘M’ = 3, ‘B’ = {2, 3, 6}. 
We can merge these two arrays into {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} (The elements of ‘A’ are {1, 2, 3, 4} ).
Hence, the answer is {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}.

Detailed explanation ( Input/output format, Notes, Images )

Input Format:

The first line contains two integers, ‘N’ and ‘M’, denoting the sizes of ‘A’ and ‘B’, respectively.
The second line contains ‘N’ integers denoting the elements of ‘A’.
The third line contains ‘M’ integers denoting the elements of ‘B’.

Output Format:

You must merge the two sorted arrays in place. The smallest ‘N’ elements should be in ‘A’, and the greatest ‘M’ elements should be in ‘B’. You don’t have to return anything. The system will print ‘A’ + ‘B’, where ‘+’ denotes concatenation.

Sample Input 1:

3 4
1 8 8
2 3 4 5

Sample Output 1:

1 2 3 4 5 8 8

Explanation Of Sample Input 1:

We have ‘A’ = {1, 8, 8} and ‘B’ = {2, 3, 4, 5}. 
Merging the two arrays results in {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 8}.
Hence the answer is {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 8}, where ‘A’ contains {1, 2, 3} and ‘B’ contains {4, 5, 8, 8}.

Sample Input 2:

4 5
1 1 1 1 
2 2 3 3 5

Sample Output 2:

1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 5

Constraints:

1 <= N <= 10^5
1 <= M <= 10^5
0 <= A[i] <= 10^9
0 <= B[i] <= 10^9

The sum of ‘N + M’ over all test cases does not exceed 2 * 10^5.
Time Limit: 1-sec

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