Phone Code

PROBLEM STATEMENT

One day ninja saw his father using an old phone with a number pad and thought of a scenario. She saw that the phone had a numeric keypad and each number was mapped to some alphabets as shown in the figure below. She has a list of valid words. She wants to create an algorithm that would take a given sequence of numbers as input and return a list of matching words that are also present in her list of valid words.

Note:

 You can convert the list of valid words into any data structure you desire.

For example :

If the sequence of number = 2633, and the list of valid words = [ride, used, code, tree, boed], 
Then you would print “code” and “boed” as they can be formed by using the digit sequence and they are also present in the list of valid words.

Input Format:

The first line contains an integer ‘T’ which denotes the number of test cases or queries to be run. Then the test cases are as follows.
The first and line of each test case consist of the sequence of numbers.
The second line of each test case consists of ‘W’, which denotes the number of given valid words.
The third and final line of each test case consists of the list of ‘W’ valid words.

Output Format:

For each test case, print the list of words that can be formed using the given sequence of numbers and are also present in the given list of valid words.

Print the output of each test case in a separate line.

Note:

You don’t need to print anything; It has already been taken care of. You just need to complete the given function.

Constraints:

1 <= T <= 10
1 <= Sequence <= 10
1 <= W <= 200

where ‘T’ is the number of test cases, “sequence” is the length of the given sequence of numbers, and “W”, is the number of valid words each test case can have. 

Time limit: 1 sec

Approach 1

This is the most basic approach and we will simply try every possible value for each digit in the sequence with all other possible values.

We start by taking the first digit of the sequence and run through all the characters that map to that digit.
For every character, we then add it to a variable let’s say “pre” and recurse, by passing the “pre” downwards.
We do this until we run out of characters and then simply print the variable “pre” that would by now contain the full word, if we can find it in the vector of valid words, meaning if it is a valid word.

Algorithm:

We start by mapping the digits with their corresponding letters.
For the main function, we start with creating a vector that will store our final “result”
Create a recursive function with the base case:
- If there are no more digits to check, meaning if the length of the word is equal to the length of the sequence:
  - Add the word “pre”, which is the current word to the “result” vector
- For the main function, we get characters that match the given digit with the help of the precomputed mapping of digits with their corresponding letters.
- Recursively call for the rest of the digits until we reach the end of the sequence.
- Check for “pre” in the list of valid words:
  - If found:
    - Push it into “result”.
Finally, return the result vector.

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Approach 2

In this approach, we will be doing a little bit of preprocessing in order to make the algorithm faster. So, instead of creating all the possible words from the given sequence and then checking them one by one in the list of valid words, we will simply generate the sequence of all the valid words and check them one by one if they match the given sequence of digits.

Create a hashmap from (character -> integer) for all the characters from ‘a’ - ‘z’.
Iterate through every word and convert it into its corresponding numeric sequence. For example: “coding” will be computed as 263464.
Compare this sequence with the given sequence:
- If both sequences are equal:
  - Store it in the “result” vector.
- If not:
  - Continue
On reaching the end of the valid words list, return the “result” vector.

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